antimony mining scale

Source identification and groundwater health risk …

Study area. As shown in Fig. 1, the study area is the Xikuangshan antimony mine in Lengshuijiang of Hunan Province, China, with latitude and longitude of 111.33° E and 27.68° N. Xikuangshan antimony mine was the largest antimony mine in the world with a long history of extraction (Peng et al., 2003), where the area contaminated by …

Antimony Ore Market Report: Production, Companies, …

The average antimony ore and concentrate export price stood at $3,582 per tonne in 2021, increasing by 44% against the previous year. Prices varied noticeably by the country of origin; the country ...

Antimony: A Mineral with a Critical Role in the Green Future

If someone asked you to name the first mineral that came to mind, odds are, it wouldn't be antimony. Yet, despite its lack of fanfare, it plays a significant role in our day-to-day lives. This graphic from Perpetua Resourcesprovides an overview of antimony's key uses, and the critical role it …

Simultaneous removal of arsenic and antimony from mining …

Antimony (Sb) pollution in the water environment caused by the large−scale mining of Sb ore and the wide use of Sb-containing products seriously endangers human health and poses a great threat ...

Magnitudes, spatial scales and processes of environmental …

Antimony (Sb) is strongly concentrated into hydrothermal mineral deposits, commonly with gold, in metasedimentary sequences around the Pacific Rim. These …

Spatial distribution, geochemical behaviors and risk …

Antimony (Sb) is a toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal, and main group V with an atomic weight of 121.75 in periodic table element (Johnston et al. 2020), and its outer-orbital electron configuration is s 2 p 3.Therefore, Sb is considered to be the primary pollutant of both the United States and European Union (Montserrat et al. 2002).Sb …

Domestic mining of antimony is key to U.S. defense and its …

Antimony is a key ingredient in communication equipment, night vision goggles, explosives, ammunition, nuclear weapons, submarines, warships, optics, laser sighting, and much more. Yet, despite ...

Geochemical behaviors of antimony in mining-affected …

Results showed that adit waters contained elevated concentrations of Sb reaching up to 13350 µg L−1 from the abandoned Sb mines, and mine wastes contained up to 8792 mg kg−1 Sb from the historical mine dumps are the important sources of S b pollution in the Duliujiang river basin. Antimony (Sb) is a harmful element, and Sb …

Frontiers | Genesis of the Abunabu antimony …

The δ 34 S values of stibnite from the Hamuqu deposit in the Abunabu antimony mining area range from −4.9‰ to −4.4‰, with a mean of −4.7‰, whereas the δ 34 S values of antimonite in the Quzhen …

Antimony: The Most Important Mineral You Never Heard Of

The Stibnite mine ended up producing fully 90% of America's demand for antimony for the duration of the War and was key to producing 40% of the tungsten steel needed for the military effort.

Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of

The pollution of heavy metals and their harm to human health and the ecological environment have caused widespread concern. In this research, we collected Qinglong antimony mine tailings (8-meter deep) and then analyzed the content changes, geochemical behavior, and ecological risk assessment of 7 heavy metals (Sb, As, Cr, …

Heavy Metals in Soil around a Typical Antimony Mine Area …

To understand contamination characteristics and identify sources of heavy metals in soil affected by complex mine activities, a detailed survey of soil heavy metals from different land cover types was investigated around the Xikuangshan (XKS) antimony mine in south-central China. Soil samples had average concentrations of Sb, As, Cd, …

A Review on Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Antimony from …

Antimony is classified as a critical/strategic metal. Its primary production is predominated by China via pyrometallurgical routes such as volatilization roasting—reduction smelting or direct reduction smelting. The performance of most of the pyro-processes is very sensitive to concentrate type and grade. Therefore, technology …

Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at a large-scale …

Antimony (Sb) and cobalt (Co) are toxic to human if present in high concentrations. The existence of Sb and Co pollution in some mining areas has generated the need for an effective Sb and Co treatment method. In this work, the removal of pentavalent antimony (Sb(V)) and bivalent cobalt (Co(II)) by iron (Fe) …

Resilience in the antimony supply chain

While on a national scale, owning both mining and processing companies increases the security of supply, on a global scale, the concentration of mining and processing in certain countries can increase supply risks. ... From 1990 to 2018 antimony mining was highly concentrated. The vertical integration of the largest mining and …

Magnitudes, spatial scales and processes of environmental antimony …

Antimony (Sb) is strongly concentrated into hydrothermal mineral deposits, commonly with gold, in metasedimentary sequences around the Pacific Rim. These deposits represent potential point sources for Sb in the downstream environment, particularly when mines are developed. This study documents the magnitude and scale …

(PDF) Microbial diversity in soils from antimony mining sites

Elevated soil concentrations of antimony (Sb) and co-contaminants are frequently encountered where antimony has been mined on a large scale. For instance, the Xikuangshan antimony mine in central ...

Antimony efflux underpins phosphorus cycling and …

Experimental design and sampling. We selected the world's largest Sb mining area (XKS, Hunan, China, 27°44′48′′N, 111°28′59′′E) as our study site (Fig. 1a).Mining activities have ...

Mineral Resource of the Month: Antimony

Most antimony occurs in scattered ore bodies that cannot be readily exploited by large-scale mining methods. Often, antimony is produced as a byproduct of mining other metals, such as gold, lead or …

Characteristics, Accumulation, and Potential Health Risks of Antimony …

To ensure the accuracy of large-scale spatial distributions, abnormal values outside the range of (X/4, 4X) in the sampling data collected at the same location were removed, with X being the average Sb concentration of this location, because these values generally resulted from mining activities or artificial factors. 69 In addition, the data ...

Regional distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment …

The results of ecological risk assessment showed that the antimony mining area was seriously polluted by Sb, As, Pb, and Cd, and had strong ecological risk, and Sb and Cd were the most important pollution factors, which indicated that the pollution of Sb and Cd should be a major concern of relevant departments of environment and health. ...

Microbial community composition and cooccurrence

Although in a small scale of contaminated soils, microbial community composition may differ dramatically, thus affecting the microbial function and assembly patterns ... an antimony dismissed mining site was selected to investigate the indigenous microbial community composition and assembly driven by cocontamination of As/Sb with …

Antimony in the Soil-Plant System in an Sb Mining…

The distribution, bioavailability, and accumulation of antimony (Sb) at the interface of rhizospheric soils and indigenous plants from a large Sb mining/smelting area in Southwest China were explored and showed that the local soil was severely polluted by Sb, and the aluminum magnesium silicate minerals and the carbonate fraction may …

Microbial diversity in soils from antimony mining sites

Elevated soil concentrations of antimony (Sb) and co-contaminants are frequently encountered where antimony has been mined on a large scale. For instance, the Xikuangshan antimony mine in central South China has sustained, over many centuries, dispersed and spatially variable input of toxic elements into the soil …

Mineral Commodity Summaries 2024

ANTIMONY (Data in metric tons, antimony content, unless otherwise specified) Domestic Production and Use: In 2023, no marketable antimony was mined in the United States. …

Microbial response to antimony-arsenic distribution and

Antimony (Sb) mining often causes severe Sb pollution and associate arsenic (As) compound contamination. To further understand the interaction mechanism among soil microorganisms, heavy metal distribution, and geochemical factors, the effects of environmental factors on soil microbial communities under different levels of Sb-As co …

As Miners Chase Clean-Energy Minerals, Tribes Fear a …

Deep in the Salmon River Mountains, an Idaho mining company, Perpetua Resources, is proposing a vast open-pit gold mine that would also produce 115 million pounds of antimony — an element that ...

Health and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals

In recent years, international research on the toxicity of the heavy metal, antimony, has gradually changed focus from early medical and pharmacological toxicology to environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology. However, little research has been conducted for sources identification and risk management of heavy metals pollution by long-term …

Remediation of antimony-rich mine waters: Assessment of antimony …

The studied site is located at Banpo Sb mine, Guizhou province, Southwest China. This mining site is remote and thus routine operation and maintenance is a challenge. The field-scale bioreactor consists of a pre-aerobic precipitation unit (BP2), two aerobic units (BP3 and BP4), and two microaerobic units (BP5 and BP6) (Fig. 1). Three …

Remediation of antimony-rich mine waters: Assessment of antimony …

An on-site field-scale bioreactor for passive treatment of antimony (Sb) contamination was installed downstream of an active Sb mine in Southwest China, and operated for one year (including a six month monitoring period). This bioreactor consisted of five treatment units, including one pre-aerobic cell, two aerobic cells, and two …