germanium ge solutions

The Current Status of the Production and Supply of Gallium …

68 Ga radioisotope is a pure orbital EC decay product of germanium-68 (68 Ge) isotope (a long-lived radioisotope with t 1/2 = 270.9 d), ... 2 solution for 45 min yielded 6 GBq of 68 Ga. A production of 40 GBq of 68 Ga was anticipated by optimization of concentration and beam parameters. 14 The highest cyclotron production yield of 68 Ga …

Highly selective separation of germanium from sulfuric solution …

Germanium (Ge) exhibits excellent optical and electrical properties. Due to the low reserves of Ge and lack of independent mineral resources, zinc refinery residues have become an important source of Ge. In this work, a D201 × 7 resin has been employed in the selective separation of Ge from a sulfuric solution using tartaric acid as a ...

Thermodynamic properties of aqueous Ge (IV

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Thermodynamic properties of aqueous Ge(IV) hydroxide complexes from 25 to 350°C: Implications for the behavior of germanium and the Ge/Si ratio in hydrothermal fluids" by G. Pokrovski et al.

Etching of Germanium in Hydrogenperoxide Solutions

The etching mechanism of Ge could be as follows: H 2 O 2 is a strong oxidizer that oxidizes the Ge surface to form GeO 2, which is soluble in aqueous solution. 46 When the Ge atoms on the surface ...

The role of germanium in diseases: exploring its important …

Common water-soluble organic germanium compounds (Ge-132) have been found to increase immune activity. Oral administration of organic germanium Ge-132 can increase the level of α-tocopherol in the plasma and regulate liver gene expression profiles, promoting immune activation in mice . The M1 macrophage is a key cell type associated …

High Yield of Germanium Nanocrystals Synthesized from Germanium

High chemical yields, up to 73%, were achieved for germanium (Ge) nanocrystals synthesized in solution with germanium diiodide (GeI 2) and LiAlH 4 as a reducing agent in tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP) or tri-n-butylphosphine (TBP).Ge nanocrystals were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray …

germanium-silicon solid solutions: Topics by Science.gov

Low temperature solution synthesis of silicon, germanium and Si-Ge axial heterostructures in nanorod and nanowire form. PubMed. Flynn, G; Stokes, K; Ryan, K M. . Herein, we report the formation of silicon, germanium and more complex Si-SixGe1-x and Si-Ge axial 1D heterostructures, at low temperatures in solution.

New horizons for the synthesis of nanoparticles: …

We presented a unique and novel synthetic route for the synthesis of germanium nanoparticles (GeNP) by using the disproportionation reaction of metastable Ge (I)Br solutions. This mild method generates well …

The aqueous solution chemistry of germanium under …

The solution chemistry of Ge(II) remains largely unexplored. Initial claims regarding the acid nature of GeO (Hantzsch, 1902) proved unfounded; Everest and Terrey (1950) showed that changes observed in conductivity in alkaline media were due to formation of germanium dioxide and not to Ge(II) hydroxide deprotonation, as thought …

Extraction mechanism of germanium in sulfate solutions …

With the increasing demand for germanium in high-technology fields, the recovery of germanium has gained a great deal of attention. In this study, classical methods (including stoichiometry and saturation methods) were combined with spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, NMR, and ESI-MS) to investigate the mechanism of …

(PDF) Recovery of Germanium from Aqueous Solutions by …

Germanium was quantitatively extracted when high ratios of catechol/germanium and resin/germanium were used (92.5% and 93.5% for IRA-900 and 958, respectively) which agreed with the results obtained with the Ge-standard solutions. The experimental affinities that both resins showed for the elements in solution were (see Table 6) Ge .

Metals | Free Full-Text | Mechanism of Extracting …

The process of germanium–tannin complex is the oldest form of technology for extracting germanium from Ge-containing solutions. This reaction …

You could swallow a capsule of germanium, Ge (atomic …

Find step-by-step Physical science solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: You could swallow a capsule of germanium, Ge (atomic number $32$), without significant ill effects. If a proton were added to each germanium nucleus, however, you would not want to swallow the capsule because the germanium would (a) become arsenic.

Solved 4.27 Germanium forms a substitutional solid solution …

Question: 4.27 Germanium forms a substitutional solid solution with silicon. Compute the number of germanium atoms per cubic centimeter for a germanium-silicon alloy that contains 15wt% Ge and 85 wt% Si. The densities of pure germanium and silicon are 5.32 and 2.33 g/cm3, respectively. There are 2 steps to solve this one.

Germanium Chloride Solution | AMERICAN ELEMENTS

Germanium (atomic symbol: Ge, atomic number: 32) is a Block P, Group 14, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 72.63. The number of electrons in each of germanium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 4 and its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 2. The germanium atom has a radius of 122.5 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 211 pm. Germanium was ...

The aqueous solution chemistry of germanium under …

Germanium behaves as a chemical analogue of Si (when Mendeleev predicted its existence, he called it eka-silicon). For this reason, Ge/Si ratios have been …

Review on resources and recycling of germanium, …

Based on these summaries, three potential research directions are proposed: control of co-extraction of non-target elements, determination of germanium species in …

Germanium Surface Conditioning and Passivation

Germanium (Ge) is a candidate to replace silicon (Si) as channel material for the gate electrode. Due to the aqueous solubility and the thermal instability of …

Surface Termination and Roughness of Ge(100) Cleaned by …

Germanium (Ge) is increasingly being studied for MOSFET applications to take advantage of its high intrinsic electron and hole mobility. To fabricate high performance devices on Ge, it is essential to understand Ge surface chemistry and find an effective way to clean and passivate its surface. ... The HF solution is found to be effective in ...

SOLVED: Germanium (Ge) forms a substitutional solid solution …

The densities of pure Ge and $mat{Si}$ are $5.32$ and $2.33 mat{~g} / mat{cm}^{3}$, respectively. Germanium (Ge) forms a substitutional solid solution with silicon (Si). Compute the weight percent of germanium that must be added to silicon to yield an alloy that contains $2.43 times 10^{21} mat{Ge}$ atoms per cubic centimeter.

New horizons for the synthesis of nanoparticles: Germanium

The colloidal germanium nanoparticles are thus prepared by warming a metastable Ge(I)Br solution from −78°C to room temperature in ten hours, resulting in an orange solution (Figure S3a). After this process, small nanoparticles of hydrodynamic diameter around 20 Å with a narrow size distribution can be isolated, washed and dispersed in THF ...

Extraction of germanium(IV) from acid leaching solution with mixtures

A synergistic solvent extraction (SSX) system consisting of D2EHPA and TBP was used for separation of germanium (IV) from zinc (II), gallium (III) and iron (III) in sulphate solutions with a high ...

What is the correct electron configuration for a germanium

We have to write the correct electron configuration for a germanium (G e ce{Ge} Ge) atom in the ground state in this problem.We are going to use this approach: According to the Aufbau principle, the electrons should be filled in the following sequence: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, etc.

Solved Germanium (Ge) forms a substitutional solid solution …

Germanium (Ge) forms a substitutional solid solution with silicon (Si). Compute the weight percent of germanium that must be added to silicon to yield an alloy that contains 2.43 x 10²¹ Ge atoms per cubic centimeter. The densities of pure Ge and Si are 5.32 and 2.33 g/cm³, respectively; and the Atomic weight of Ge and Si are 72.64 and 28.09 ...

Chemical Etching of Germanium with H3PO4–H2O2–H2O Solution

An H3PO4–H2O2–H2O solution is studied for possible use in the etching of germanium. The solution can be roughly classified into two ternary regions according to its etching characteristics: a (with a low H2O2 concentration) and b (with a high H2O2 concentration). Solutions in region b provide reproducible smooth and uniform surfaces. This solution …

Germanium extraction from lignite using gravity separation …

As a critical metal, germanium (Ge) is widely used as a semi-conductor, a catalyst, and an optical material. Generally, smelting method is used to extract Ge from the coal burned in chain stoves. ... Recovery of germanium from leach solutions of fly ash using solvent extraction with various extractants. Hydrometall., 175 (2018), pp. 164-169, …

Catechol-Functionalized Chitosan Synthesis and Selective …

An improved catechol-based adsorbent, catechol-functionalized chitosan (C-), was synthesized to recover germanium (Ge) from dilute acidic solutions. The adsorbent was also compared with an N-methylglucamine-based commercial adsorbent (Purolite S108) for optimum pH conditions, ion selectivity, adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics, and ...

Recovery of germanium from leach solutions of fly ash …

Therefore, a complexant that can transform Ge(OH) 4 into a complex anion is needed for the extraction of germanium from acid aqueous solution by using amines as the extractant (Kamran Haghighi et ...

FLUORIDE COMPLEXES OF GERMANIUM (IV) IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION …

GeCl4 is the main germanium species extracted in CCl4. The variation of the Ge distribution ratio with the solution composition is interpreted in terms of a series of GeCli(OH)i(H2O)k(i+j-4)- species.

Extraction mechanism of germanium in sulfate …

In this study, classical methods (including stoichiometry and saturation methods) were combined with spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, NMR, and ESI-MS) to …