heap leaching secondary

The Basics of Heap Leach Pad Operation

Heap leaching is a unique technique, but it's based on some fairly basic concepts. Even the most complex multi-stage leaching operation, with specially formulated alkaline and biological agents, will still follow the same principles. ... This minimizes the amount of secondary processing needed to turn the leach concentrate into purified ...

(PDF) Leaching of Copper Sulphides

Atmospheric leaching of copper sulphides is carried out in challenging conditions of elevated. temperature, low pH and high chloride ion concentrations. In addition, the reacto rs need to ...

Understanding gangue acid consumption in copper sulfide heap leaching …

1. Introduction. In porphyry copper heap leaching systems, an interest in gangue mineralogy should be of primary importance, obviously in addition to the copper-bearing minerals, since this can significantly impact the overall metal recovery, as well as operational costs (Chetty, 2018).This process involves crushing the ore, to a particle size …

Predicting Flowability at Disposal of Spent Heap Leach …

materials, especially in areas used for heap leaching disposal. The flowability of residues following deposition can have an impact on storage capacity, productivity, and workers' safety. ... (e.g., oxides or mixed with secondary sulphides) generally treated by hydrometallurgy processes [4,5] where a selective dissolution of the …

Analysis of heat conservation during copper sulphide heap leaching

Typical copper bio heap leaching characteristics are ore particle size distribution (PSD) 19-25 mm, lixiviant irrigation rates between 5 and 20 L/m 2 /h, aeration rates from 0.1 to 0.5 Nm 3 /m 2 ...

(PDF) Copper heap leaching: Process, principles and …

Heap leaching generates a pregnant leach solution (PLS) containing 1–6 g/L Cu²⁺, which is sent to solvent extraction and electrowinning for copper production.

Gangues and Clays Minerals as Rate-Limiting Factors in Copper Heap

Heap leaching is a firm extractive metallurgical technology facilitating the economical processing of different kinds of low-grade ores that are otherwise not exploited. Nevertheless, regardless of much development since it was first used, the process advantages are restricted by low recoveries and long extraction times. It is becoming …

Heap Leaching

Advances in heap leaching of secondary sulfides focus on the use of forced aeration to supply adequate oxygen requirements throughout the heap, addition of chloride to …

The importance of reaction mechanisms and coupled

Hence, this study modelled the concurrent primary mineral dissolution and secondary product formation in chalcopyrite heap leaching systems. Heap leaching ( Fig. 1 a) is an inexpensive means of recovering metals (such as copper) from low-grade ore (e.g., chalcopyrite - Klauber, 2008, Watling, 2013, Watling, 2014 ).

Management of Copper Heap Leach Projects: A Geologist's Perspective

Copper production by heap leaching, coupled with solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX-EW), is a well-established technology, with an annual output of about 3.7 million tonnes (Mt) of copper metal. Ores presently amenable to copper heap leaching include copper oxides and secondary copper sulfides. Most copper deposits amenable to acid ...

Heap bioleaching of chalcopyrite: A review

In dump leaching, waste rock, low-grade ore or concentrator tailings (low grade oxides and secondary sulfides) are leached at the place of disposal. This is a mature and widely used technology. Heap leaching deals with the newly mined/run-off-the-mine (ROM) materials (intermediate grade oxides and secondary sulfides) deposited in the …

Properties governing the flow of solution through crushed ore for heap

1. Introduction. Heap leaching accounts for approximately 17% of global gold and 21% of global copper production, respectively (Marsden and Botz, 2017; Basov, 2015).It is the only economic technology available to extract value metals from low-grade ores; however, the slow rate of recovery is a major drawback, and in most cases is related to …

2924 PDFs | Review articles in HEAP LEACHING

Development of an analytical model for copper heap leaching from secondary sulfides in chloride media in an industrial environment. Article. Full-text available. Sep 2022; Manuel Saldana;

Understanding gangue acid consumption in copper sulfide heap leaching …

In the early leaching period (0-5 days), the pH value reaches nearly 2.60, and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) is generally lower than 650 mV ( Figure 5), which corresponds with undesirable ...

(PDF) HEAP LEACHING TECHNIQUE in MINING …

Techniques developed in the world during the last several decades demonstrated that heap leaching is a viable process that can be applied in a manner: to address all of the regulatory issues...

Experimental Study of Heap Leaching of Secondary …

The present work aims to describe the production process for the leaching of secondary copper sulphides by means of heap leaching. This study focused on the …

(PDF) Application of Alternative Lixiviants for Secondary Heap Leaching

No furt her dist ribut ion is perm it t ed. Application of Alternative Lixiviants for Secondary Heap Leaching of Gold A Nikoloski1 and N Stockton2 ABSTRACT The potential of applying a secondary leach using a lixiviant other than cyanide was the subject of this Some preliminary results on the secondary leaching of study. In so doing, a change ...

In-situ leaching of copper from spent heaps

In-situ leaching of copper from an abandoned heap of secondary sulphides was piloted and demonstrated. •. More than 1000 injection wells were used to produce 7600 t of copper from material abandoned as waste. •. The injection wells were found to have a radius of influence of 11 to 13 m. •.

Copper leaching in chloride media with a view to using …

Copper mines increasingly face the challenge of processing large amounts of low-grade sulfides of elevated concentrations of impurities. In most cases, the challenge is compounded by water scarcity. A potential strategy to address such challenge is to use seawater with elevated concentrations of chloride for heap leaching of secondary …

Principles, Mechanisms And Dynamics Of Chalcocite Heap Bioleaching

INTRODUCTION. Heap leaching is a well established mini ng technology that involves stacking. crushed ore into piles constructed on an impermeable layer fitted with a. solution drainage system, or ...

Selective leaching of copper and zinc from primary ores and secondary …

To identify which material sources could be suitable for leaching with ammonia, a preliminary screen of eight primary and secondary materials was performed with both synthetic and biogenic ammonia poised at a total ammonia concentration of 1 mol L −1.After a contact time of 24 h, target metals Cu, Zn or Ni generally dominated in the …

Copper heap leach development – not as easy as it looks

Heap leaching has become increasingly popular in the copper industry for treating oxide and secondary sulphide ores, and is now being extended to primary sulphide ores.

Development of an analytical model for copper heap leaching …

This work presents a descriptive model that explains copper recovery from secondary sulfide minerals (chalcocite) taking into account the effects of time, heap height, superficial velocity of leaching flow, chloride concentration, particle size, porosity, and effective diffusivity of the solute within particle pores.

(PDF) Copper heap leaching: Process, principles and …

2019, Petersen, J and van Staden, P. Chapter 3. Heap leaching: Pr ocess, principles and practical considerations. pp. 52-78 in: Copper Hydrometallurgy: Principles and Practice. Berend Wassink and ...

Modelling the kinetics of chalcocite leaching in acidified cupric

The use of seawater in heap leaching of secondary copper sulfide minerals is a feasible alternative to freshwater in regions with limited freshwater supply. Seawater contains high concentrations of chloride ions that facilitate the formation of cupric/cuprous chloride complexes. The cupric ions formed can serve as an oxidizing agent for ...

Effect of irrigation rate and air flow rate on temperature …

Download Citation | Effect of irrigation rate and air flow rate on temperature distribution of secondary copper sulfide during bio-heap leaching process | By assuming that the step and heat of the ...

(PDF) Heap leaching as a key technology for …

Abstract: Heap Leaching Technology is finding increasingly widespread application to recover values. from low-grade ores, …

The Effect of Aeration on Chalcocite Heap Leaching

The Effect of Aeration on Copper Leaching Kinetics. Figure 2 shows the copper concentration in the PLS and the cumulative extraction with and without aeration. Despite the lower cyanide soluble copper grade and larger particle size in the heap with aeration, which are unfavorable conditions for leaching, the aerated heap yielded PLS …

Development of an analytical model for copper heap leaching …

Development of an analytical model for copper heap leaching from secondary sulfides in chloride media in an industrial environment.pdf Available via license: CC BY 4.0 Content may be subject to ...

(PDF) Process options in the treatment of a mixed atacamite, secondary …

Spain Two leaching systems have been investigated to recover copper from a mixed atacamite, secondary copper sulphides mineral: heap leaching and BRISA process. The mineral contains 3.13% Cu, 0.32% C1, a copper as sulphide/copper as oxide ratio of 1.75, and a composition of the different particle size fractions quite close to each other.